Det sägs att vägen till helvetet är stenlagd med goda intentioner. Och sådana saknas inte på energi- och klimatområdet. Närhelst världens statsmän träffas tar de ett initiativ, gör ett gemensamt uttalande och skriver under ett dokument som säger att nu skall det tas krafttag. Men som man en gång sade i Blandaren: “Det räcker inte med att säga Halleluja - man måste göra det också!”
Det senaste utspelet kommer från Major Economies Forum (MEF) som med sitt s.k. Global Partnership arrangerade ett Globalt Ministermöte för “Clean Energy” i slutet av Juli med svenskt deltagande. Värdarna har ställt samman en bra översikt med en sorts programförklaring som också visar hur politiken skall utformas för att locka fram innovationer (se figur 1 nedan), se också förteckning över teknikområden nedan.
Denna syn på rollfördelningen mellan marknaden och staten är tydligt inspirerad av den som redovisades av IEA (Wene) för tio år sedan (se figur 2 nedan). Och den del av receptet som fortfarande är mest underskattat är “marknadsintroduktionen” (deployment). Och skall vi nu göra “halleluja” så är det där vi skall börja.
Figur 1: GOVERNMENT ACTION NEEDED TO ENABLE CLEAN TECHNOLOGIES
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Figur 2: Den goda cirkeln enligt IEA
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MEF:s förteckning över teknikområden:
(notera att IEA redan har omfattande aktivitet på merparten av dessa områden)
? Advanced Vehicles
Widespread adoption of best-available technologies in the near term and through the longer-term development and deployment of a range of new technologies, including lower-carbon fuels and electricity.
? Bioenergy
Dedicated energy crops (short rotation wood, perennial grasses), agricultural and forestry products and wastes, biogas resulting from the anaerobic decomposition of organic waste and other farming waste, charcoal, and even municipal organic wastes. These bioenergy sources can be converted into useful energy products such as liquid biofuels (bioethanol and biodiesel) and bioelectricity (i.e., from the combustion of biomass).
? Carbon Capture, Use & Storage
Many industrial and power generation facilities have a service life of 30 years or more, essentially “locking in” the burning of fossil fuels for decades to come. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is the only viable option for addressing emissions from facilities that continue to burn fossil fuels.
? Cross Cutting R&D
We must ensure that investment decisions taken now do not saddle us with sub-optimal technologies in the long run.
? Energy Efficiency - Buildings Sector
Investments in energy efficient buildings and appliances can create jobs and help to delay investments in costly new electricity generation technologies. Building energy performance is directly related to the design of the building envelope (insulation, roofing, windows, etc.) and the diverse systems and components within it, such as lighting, appliances, and heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. Many energy-efficient building technologies are widely available today and can reduce carbon emissions at a low or negative net cost.
? Energy Efficiency - Industrial Sector
Accelerated deployment of energy-efficient industrial technologies and practices has significant potential to reduce carbon emissions while also diminishing other adverse environmental consequences associated with industrial operations; however, unlocking energy efficiency in the industrial sector involves unique challenges.
? High-Efficiency, Low-Emissions (HELE) Coal Technologies
High-efficiency, low-emissions (HELE) coal technologies can help reduce the carbon emissions produced by coal-fired power generation while enabling the energy source to continue to meet growing power demand.
? Marine Energy
Marine power is a clean, renewable energy source that holds great promise for helping to reduce the greenhouse gases emitted during power generation.
? Smart Grids
For example, smart grid technologies could enable load leveling of the electrical grid, allowing a power company to run cleaner power sources?such as hydroelectric, wind, or solar?reducing the need to use carbon-emitting gas, coal, or oil plants to meet peak demand. Reducing variability in demand could also reduce the number of new power plants that need to be constructed.
? Solar Energy
Solar energy is clean, inexhaustible, sustainable, and secure. Solar technologies, such as photovoltaics (PV), concentrating solar power (CSP), and solar heating, are already deployed in a very broad range of applications, covering electricity generation, heating, and cooling. Further technology development and increased cost-efficiency is expected to make solar energy a mainstream energy source within the next decade.
? Wind Energy
The advantage of wind technology is that it is ready to be deployed on a massive scale at reasonable low costs. Wind power is a mature technology that has already achieved competitiveness on land in circumstances where the cost of carbon is reflected to some extent and where the wind resource is of high quality and is close to overall competitiveness with conventional electricity generation. Costs are expected be further reduced by massive, policy-driven deployment, which allows for increasing market pull, technology progress and economies of scale.
Skriven av Hans Nilsson, 05:35 AM.
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